Trametinib(GSK1120212,AbMole,M1759)是一種高選擇性的MEK1/2抑制劑,在多種細(xì)胞和動物模型中被廣泛用于探究RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK信號通路的功能。
在細(xì)胞實驗中,Trametinib(CAS No.:871700-17-3)以納摩爾至微摩爾濃度范圍顯示出顯著的抑制活性:例如,在KRAS突變的結(jié)腸癌Caco-2細(xì)胞中,低劑量Trametinib(曲美替尼)即可抑制p-ERK表達(dá)并抑制細(xì)胞增殖,同時呈劑量依賴性上調(diào)抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-xL;在頭頸鱗癌(HNSCC)細(xì)胞系中,Trametinib(GSK1120212)處理可顯著下調(diào)MYC表達(dá)并誘導(dǎo)自噬,而聯(lián)合自噬抑制劑如氯喹(Chloroquine)可進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)細(xì)胞死亡[1];Trametinib(JTP-74057)在黑色素瘤細(xì)胞中能誘導(dǎo)YAP1核轉(zhuǎn)位,而敲低或者抑制YAP1可協(xié)同抑制細(xì)胞生長[2];
Trametinib(GSK1120212,AbMole,M1759)在胃癌、肝癌、神經(jīng)母細(xì)胞瘤及髓母細(xì)胞瘤等多種癌細(xì)胞系中,均表現(xiàn)出劑量依賴性的抗增殖效應(yīng),如在肝細(xì)胞癌(HCC)細(xì)胞中能顯著抑制細(xì)胞增殖,并降低Ki-67(一種細(xì)胞增殖標(biāo)志物)表達(dá)[3];Trametinib(GSK1120212)在SHH型髓母細(xì)胞瘤(MB)中,顯著減少了腫瘤球的大小、干細(xì)胞增殖及遷移能力[4]。
在動物實驗方面,
Trametinib(GSK1120212,AbMole,M1759)在多種異種移植或同源移植小鼠模型中展現(xiàn)出良好的體內(nèi)活性:例如,在CHP-2人源前列腺癌(cPCa)細(xì)胞構(gòu)建的裸鼠皮下移植模型中,Trametinib經(jīng)過口服給藥(0.3-1.0 mg/kg )能劑量依賴性地減小腫瘤體積、降低p-ERK水平和Ki-67表達(dá),且未觀察到明顯毒性[5];Trametinib在頭頸癌PDX模型中,可實現(xiàn)高達(dá)72%的腫瘤體積縮減[6];Trametinib(JTP-74057)在神經(jīng)母細(xì)胞瘤小鼠模型中,聯(lián)合JAK2抑制劑Ruxolitinib(INCB18424) 可有效抑制由間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)的腫瘤生長[7]。在結(jié)直腸癌裸鼠模型中,Trametinib與PI3K/mTOR抑制劑GSK2126458(Omipalisib,GSK458)聯(lián)用可抑制腫瘤生長,機(jī)制涉及克服Trametinib誘導(dǎo)的PI3K-AKT通路代償性激活[8];此外,
Trametinib(GSK1120212,AbMole,M1759)在免疫缺陷NSG小鼠重建的皮膚移植模型中,可調(diào)節(jié)T細(xì)胞反應(yīng),延長移植物存活[9]。
范例詳解
Cancer Cell. 2018 Sep 10;34(3):411-426.e19
實驗人員在上述文章中使用了AbMole的
Abemaciclib(LY2835219,AbMole,M2112)、
AZD1775(Adavosertib,AbMole,M2143)、
Trametinib(GSK1120212,AbMole,M1759)。研究人員通過整合基因組、表觀基因組和蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)分析,揭示了橫紋肌肉瘤(Rhabdomyosarcoma, RMS)的細(xì)胞起源和抑制靶點(diǎn),發(fā)現(xiàn)RAS/MEK/ERK/CDK4/6、G2/M和未折疊蛋白反應(yīng)(UPR)等信號通路在RMS中失調(diào)。由AbMole提供的Abemaciclib、AZD1775、Trametinib等被研究人員用于處理RMS原代細(xì)胞或原位患者衍生異種移植(O-PDX)裸鼠模型,以探究與RMS有關(guān)的信號通路、潛在靶點(diǎn)和腫瘤抑制方案,最終結(jié)果表明AZD1775、Irinotecan(CPT-11) 、Vincristine 的組合具有最高的腫瘤抑制率。

圖 1. Preclinical Testing of AZD1775 and Ganetespib
參考文獻(xiàn)及鳴謝
[1] Yang, C.; Pang, X.; Teng, S.; et al. MYC Overexpression Enhances Sensitivity to MEK Inhibition in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. International journal of molecular sciences 2025, 26 (2).
[2] Hu, R.; Hou, H.; Li, Y.; et al. Combined BET and MEK Inhibition synergistically suppresses melanoma by targeting YAP1. Theranostics 2024, 14 (2), 593-607.
[3] Zhou, X.; Zhu, A.; Gu, X.; et al. Inhibition of MEK suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma growth through independent MYC and BIM regulation. Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 2019, 42 (3), 369-380.
[4] Borlase, S.; DeCarlo, A.; Coudiere-Morrison, L.; et al. Cross-species analysis of SHH medulloblastoma models reveals significant inhibitory effects of trametinib on tumor progression. Cell death discovery 2023, 9 (1), 347.
[5] Kobayashi, M.; Onozawa, M.; Watanabe, S.; et al. Establishment of a BRAF V595E-mutant canine prostate cancer cell line and the antitumor effects of MEK inhibitors against canine prostate cancer. Veterinary and comparative oncology 2023, 21 (2), 221-230.
[6] Vigoda, M.; Mathieson, C.; Evans, N.; et al. Functional proteomics of patient derived head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells reveal novel applications of trametinib. Cancer biology & therapy 2022, 23 (1), 310-318.
[7] Borriello, L.; Nakata, R.; Sheard, M. A.; et al. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Share Characteristics and Protumorigenic Activity with Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Cancer research 2017, 77 (18), 5142-5157.
[8] Chen, J.; Dai, J.; Kang, Z.; et al. A combinatorial strategy for overcoming primary and acquired resistance of MEK inhibition in colorectal cancer. Experimental cell research 2020, 393 (1), 112060.
[9] Chauveau, C.; Nerriere-Daguin, V.; Fourny, M.; et al. MEK inhibition prevents human skin graft rejection by promoting CD8(+)TCF1(+) over CD8 effector T cells. iScience 2025, 28 (9), 113310.