在體外實(shí)驗(yàn)中
4-Octyl Itaconate(4-OI,4-辛基衣康酸,AbMole,M9225)常以50–100 μM濃度處理細(xì)胞,例如在HaCaT和PIG1細(xì)胞,50μM的濃度可顯著抑制紫外B(UVB)誘導(dǎo)的活性氧(ROS)積累和細(xì)胞凋亡[1];4-Octyl Itaconate在RAW264.7巨噬細(xì)胞中,能劑量依賴性地抑制脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharides,LPS)誘導(dǎo)的促炎因子如IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α和IL-8的分泌[2],并抑制NLRP3炎癥小體活化,其機(jī)制涉及阻斷NLRP3與NEK7的相互作用及對(duì)NLRP3 C548位點(diǎn)的烷基化修飾。
此外,
4-Octyl Itaconate(4-OI,4-辛基衣康酸,AbMole,M9225)(CAS No.:3133-16-2)還能通過修飾CRM1蛋白C528位點(diǎn)抑制流感A病毒復(fù)制[3],并通過干擾PRRSV病毒吸附、復(fù)制與釋放過程抑制病毒增殖,同時(shí)增強(qiáng)Nrf2信號(hào)通路以抑制病毒誘導(dǎo)的炎癥反應(yīng)[4]。4-Octyl Itaconate(CAS No.:3133-16-2)在骨髓來源樹突狀細(xì)胞(BMDCs)中,處理后可下調(diào)CD40、CD80、CD86和MHC-II的表達(dá),并抑制細(xì)胞因子mRNA水平[5];4-Octyl Itaconate在肥大細(xì)胞中,能抑制脫顆粒和組胺釋放,該作用依賴于SIRT4表達(dá)[2]。
動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)方面,在LPS(Lipopolysaccharides,脂多糖)誘導(dǎo)的C57BL/6小鼠急性肺損傷(ALI)模型中,腹腔注射4-Octyl Itaconate(50-100 mg/kg)可顯著減輕肺組織病理損傷、提升谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶4(GPX4)水平,并降低PTGS2、丙二醛(MDA)和脂質(zhì)ROS含量[6];4-Octyl Itaconate在小鼠肝缺血再灌注(IR)損傷模型中,可改善肝功能、減少肝細(xì)胞死亡及髓過氧化物酶和硫代巴比妥酸反應(yīng)物(TBARS)水平[7];在db/db小鼠和鏈脲佐菌素(STZ)+高脂飲食誘導(dǎo)的糖尿病腎病模型中,4-Octyl Itaconate以50 mg/kg劑量連續(xù)給藥4周可改善腎臟病理變化[8]。
參考文獻(xiàn)及鳴謝
[1] Xie, Y.; Chen, Z.; Wu, Z. Four-Octyl Itaconate Attenuates UVB-Induced Melanocytes and Keratinocytes Apoptosis by Nrf2 Activation-Dependent ROS Inhibition. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 2022, 11 (9897442).
[2] Hu, B.; Zhao, S.; Huang, M.; et al. Nuclear factor E2 related factor (NRF2) inhibits mast cell- mediated allergic inflammation via SIRT4-mediated mitochondrial metabolism. Ann Palliat Med 2020, 9 (6), 3839-3847.
[3] Ribo-Molina, P.; Weiss, H. J.; Susma, B.; et al. 4-Octyl itaconate reduces influenza A replication by targeting the nuclear export protein CRM1. J Virol 2023, 97 (10), 01325-01323.
[4] Pang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Li, C.; et al. Itaconate derivative 4-OI inhibits PRRSV proliferation and associated inflammatory response. Virology 2022, 577, 84-90.
[5] Zhu, B.; Zhu, L.; Ge, Z.; et al. 4-Octyl Itaconate Modulates Dendritic Cells Function and Tumor Immunity via NRF2 Activation. Journal of inflammation research 2025, 18, 5699-5713.
[6] He, R.; Liu, B.; Xiong, R.; et al. Itaconate inhibits ferroptosis of macrophage via Nrf2 pathways against sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Cell death discovery 2022, 8 (1), 021-00807.
[7] Li, R.; Yang, W.; Yin, Y.; et al. 4-OI Attenuates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatic Injury via Regulating Oxidative Stress and the Inflammatory Response. Frontiers in pharmacology 2021, 12 (651444).
[8] Shao, M.; Chen, J.; Zhang, F.; et al. 4-Octyl itaconate attenuates renal tubular injury in db/db mice by activating Nrf2 and promoting PGC-1alpha-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis. Ren Fail 2024, 46 (2), 2403653.